With the world's attention on vaccines （疫苗），now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development.Three hundred years ago this month，Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated （接種） against smallpox，making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way.Without Montagu's willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures，the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.
Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey.Inoculation had started in Asia，probably in China，as early as the 10th century AD.Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus （膿） from a person with smallpox.They then used needles to make cuts on people's wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream.This helped people gain immunity from future infection.
Like other visitors to the country，Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated.This worked well，but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging.Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors' professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income.Some people also disagree with the practice，as they saw it as going against nature.
Back in England，Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections.Eventually，in April 1721，she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated，because she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks.After a safe time had passed following the inoculation，Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.
Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice.About 80 years later，a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely.As early as last century，academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur.In truth，she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ BB
A．The origin of smallpox inoculation.
B．Montagu's first access to inoculation.
C．The benefits from smallpox inoculation.
D．Turkish women's invention of inoculation.
（2）Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because BB.
A．it was against human nature
B．it might harm doctors' interests
C．it was beyond doctors' abilities
D．it might shake some people's belief
（3）What led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation？ CC
A．The increased severity of smallpox infections.
B．A physician's discovery of smallpox vaccines.
C．The result of Montagu's daughter's inoculation.
D．Montagu's focus on its rewards rather than its risks.
（4）What might be the best title of the text？ AA
A．An unsung hero.
B．No limit to creation.
C．Development of vaccines.
D．A historic medical innovation.
【考點(diǎn)】說明文．
【答案】B；B；C；A
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5
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（1）What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate？
A．People pay no attention to e-waste recycling.
B．The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low.
C．E-waste has caused serious environmental problems.
D．The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
（2）What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste？
A．They are not environmentally friendly.
B．They only apply to certain e-waste.
C．They generate metals with a complex process.
D．They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures.
（3）What do we know about the bioleaching technology？
A．It has been applied abroad.
B．It releases no poisonous gas.
C．It recovers metals by microbes.
D．It promotes the local export trade.
（4）The text is most probably a part of.
A．a(chǎn) travel guide
B．a(chǎn) fiction novel
C．a(chǎn) health magazine
D．a(chǎn) scientific journal發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：1引用：2難度：0.6 -
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It remains an important cultural touchstone across Eurasia and has been translated into 86 languages and shown in 136 countries.
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The film has a lot of entertaining moments，songs and humour.The black-and-white version of this film has also been restored and can now be viewed in colour.
However，this is not the only movie that was filmed in the Old City.For example，in the films Amphibian Man and The Diamond Arm，you can see the streets well known to every Azerbaijaní.
（1）What can we know about Arshin Mal Alan？
A．It was filmed before 1945.
B．It is popular around the world.
C．It is an action film with amazing plot.
D．It can be viewed in black and white only.
（2）What is the Eastern rule about marriage in Arshin Mal Alan？
A．A man must be rich in order to marry his bride.
B．A man must dress up as a seller at the wedding.
C．A man mustn't see his bride's face before the wedding.
D．A man must buy a house for his bride before the wedding.
（3）Why does Asker dress up as a seller of cloth？
A．To choose a bride.
B．To make a film.
C．To work in the street.
D．To earn more money.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．The street culture in Azerbaijan.
B．The history of black-and-white TV.
C．A love story between Asker and his bride.
D．A famous movie filmed in Old City—Icharishahar.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：0引用：4難度：0.3 -
3．When we see a person in trouble，the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand.But what if we see an animal in trouble，does the same rule apply？
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully（峽谷） in Antarctica.It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties.The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young.They built a slope（斜坡） so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
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Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen，wildlife photographer for National Geographic.He told Metro，"If it's ever a predator（捕食者） situation，no matter how gut wrenching，you stay out of the way.Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations.You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you." Will Lawson，the show's director，told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion？
A．The rescue of penguins from a gully.
B．People's various remarks on penguins.
C．Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D．Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference？
A．David Attenborough.
B．Will Lawson.
C．Paul Nicklen.
D．Kathryn Shaw.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gutwrenching" underlined in Paragraph 6？
A．Making one confused.
B．Making one heartbroken.
C．Putting one in danger.
D．Putting one in place.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B．Protect Animals From Dying Out
C．Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D．Help Animals in Trouble or Not發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5
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