We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language，though，we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However，it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example，the word "dog" can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor's dog.No language has a separate word for the idea "dog that I saw yesterday" and another word for the idea "dog that I saw in a dream".This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor，the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word "dog" probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example，the word "bank" has two possible meanings.It can mean "a place where people keep money"，but it can also mean "the side of a river".So the sentence "I went to the bank." Is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However，if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains，others probably know that "bank" means "the side of a river".
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular，but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
（1）The passage is mainly about BB.
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
（2）According to the passage，we can safely say that DD.
A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．the speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
（3）By using the example of the word "dog"，the writer wants to show that CC.
A．a(chǎn) word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a(chǎn) word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
（4）According to the passage，we can know the meaning of the word "bank"，by referring to CC.
A．the attitude of the speakers in the conversation
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a(chǎn) reliable dictionary
【答案】B；D；C；C
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
相似題
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1．I once thought that outer beauty is the only factor to become a great person.When I was young，I read many kinds of books，most of which described characters who are handsome or beautiful.So I think that being beautiful is the only way to become a success.
As I grew up，the story of my best friend made me realize that outer beauty was not so important to make a person successful.She is so beautiful a girl that every classmate liked to chat with her，but she was very arrogant（傲慢）.In her opinion，she could get all she wanted because of her beauty，but all of her friends left her one by one!Only then did she come to know the importance of the beauty in a person's heart，which changed her attitude and she made friends again.
Turning on TV，we can see many advertisements，most of which seem to give us a feeling that，physical attractiveness is the most important thing. There seems to be a boom in plastic surgery.It is surprising that more and more people，especially girls and women，try it like the first man-made beauty in China，Hao Lulu.It is a common sense that attractive people can easily find work.Most good-looking guys，usually get higher scores in the job interviews.But what is real beauty？I want to say that is inner beauty because those who have beauty in their soul are really beautiful persons.
As is known，the beauty judged with eyes is temporary，so we should concentrate on inner beauty.And if we make the efforts to make our minds beautiful，we'll live a happier life.
（1）Why did the author want to have a good appearance when she was young？
A．Because she wanted to follow the example of her friend.
B．Because she wanted to be one of the characters in the book.
C．Because she wanted to get higher scores in the job interviews.
D．Because the successful characters in the books she read were attractive.
（2）Why did the writer refer to her friend's story？
A．To show how beautiful her friend was.
B．To show how important outer beauty is.
C．To show the importance of inner beauty.
D．To show how terrible to be a beautiful girl.
（3）What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean？
A．Surgery is becoming more and more popular.
B．More and more people pay attention to outer beauty.
C．More people can afford the price of doing plastic surgery.
D．The living standard has been improved over the past years.
（4）Which of the following covers the passage best？
A．Inner beauty is the real beauty.
B．How do attractive persons become successful？
C．The key factor to find a good job is being attractive.
D．Plastic surgery is the best way to make a person more beautiful.
（5）What do we know from the passage？
A．If you are too beautiful，all your friends will leave you out of envy.
B．If you have a good appearance，you must get higher scores in the job interviews.
C．Without the TV advertisements，there wouldn't have been a boom in plastic surgery.
D．Those who have good appearances should also develop the beauty in their hearts.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 18:0:1組卷：12引用：2難度：0.6 -
2．All routes to STEM （science，technology，engineering and mathematics） degrees run through calculus （微積分） classes.Each year，thousands of college students take introductory calculus.But only a small number ultimately complete a STEM degree，and research about why students abandon such degrees suggests that traditional calculus courses are one of the reasons.With scientific understanding and innovation increasingly central to solving 21st-century problems，this loss of talent is something society can ill afford.
Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma.Several of the promising calculus reforms were spearheaded by professors outside of math departments.STEM faculty are prioritizing cooperation across disciplines to transform math classes to cultivate a diverse generation of STEM researchers and professionals.
This is not uncharted territory.In 2013，life sciences faculty at the University of California，Los Angeles，developed a two-course sequence that covers classic calculus topics，but also emphasizes their application in a biological context.Creating this course，Mathematics for Life Scientists，wasn't easy.The life sciences faculty involved，none of whom had a joint appointment with the math department，said they turned to designing the course themselves after math faculty rejected their request for cooperation.
In Ohio，Wright State University's Engineering departments also revised math offerings.Rather than changing the content of the calculus course，they focused on preparing students for calculus by emphasizing "engineering motivation for math." The approach enhanced opportunities for students with weaker math backgrounds to succeed in engineering and doubled the average graduation rate of engineering students without reducing the average grade of graduates.Math learning is fundamental to all STEM fields，but the opposite also appears to be true.
（1）What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1？
A．Increasing STEM dropout rate.
B．The reform of calculus courses.
C．Shrinking admission to STEM majors.
D．The shaken belief in the role of calculus.
（2）What does "spearheaded" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．challenged
B．evaluated
C．cancelled
D．initiated
（3）What do we know about the calculus course reform according to the text？
A．STEM departments made calculus content easier to improve students' grades.
B．Math departments sought cooperation with STEM counterparts to urge reforms.
C．Placing calculus learning in specific STEM contexts is a workable approach.
D．Removing calculus is the key to increasing graduation rate of STEM students.
（4）What does "the opposite" in the last paragraph refer to？
A．The STEM fields may be the foundation of other science subjects.
B．The STEM fields may be central to making math learning effective.
C．Math learning may set barrier for science study in the STEM fields.
D．Math learning may make way for science study in the STEM fields.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：24引用：3難度：0.5 -
3．Dear Laura，
I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program．You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today's world．Well，I'm here to give you （1）．
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I could （6）wait for him to open up his gift．In fact，I barely slept the night before．Upon awakening．I went to the kitchen to （7）the coffee，tea，and morning goodies．In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a （8）： "To my wonderful mother，all my love，your son．"
I was so （9）．It had been a long - standing joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I could （10）lessons． "L earn to play the piano，and I'll get you one" was my husband's （11）．
I stood there shocked，crying a river，asking myself how my son could （12）this expensive gift．
Of course，the （13）awoke，and my son was thrilled（激動的）with my reaction．Many kisses were （14），and I immediately wanted him to （15）my gift．
As he saw the helmet and outfit，the look on his face was not （16）what I was expecting．Then I （17）that he had sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard．
Of course I was the proudest mother （18）on that day，and my feet never hit the ground for a month．
So I wanted you to know，that kind of love still （19）and lives even in the ever-changing world of me，me，me!
I thought you'd love to （20）this story．
keyboard
Yours，
Hilary
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