In America，seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN.It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood，I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand，rather than to help other people win.However，as time goes by，I have gradually understood the essence（真諦）of WIN-WIN principle - it is the attitude of seeking mutual benefits.
   When I was little，I used to play Chinese checkers（跳棋）which includes two basic tactics：One is to create paths for yourself；the other is to block the passages of your rival.Players may apply these two totally different approaches in the game，but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his opponent may take advantage of it.Finally he can always reach the destination a few steps ahead of the other player.Meanwhile，some player may take another approach to prevent his opponent from moving forward at all costs.In this way，he may get a short-term benefit，but couldn't fix attention on the final goal.Thus，he would never truly develop further.
   In the 1990s，a strategy called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world.Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits，so there is no real loser.One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in the US.
   Most Americans advocate the spirit of social service and voluntary contribution.In the US，schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to be engaged in community service so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood.
   Moreover，a crucial standard for universities to judge new students is whether they have worked for the community or not.
   In China，it's quite usual that some people are too selfish and never take people's interests into consideration，while someone who really has courage to do something for the public is often called "foolish" or "stupid".Actually helping other people can be of great delight for the helper，for he can also learn something crucial for his life such as sympathy，care，devotion，etc.
   So only if you take other people's interests into earnest consideration can you assure your own gain.


（1）The purpose of the author in writing the passage is

C

C

.
A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and the US
B．to tell us the different educational systems in the US and China
C．to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN
D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in the US and China
（2）We can know from Paragraph 2 that the one who

C

C

is most likely to win the game.
A．prevents his opponent from moving forward at all costs
B．creates the passages for his rival over and over
C．continuously creates paths for both himself and his rival
D．blocks the passages of his rival all the time
（3）What is the author's attitude towards WIN-WIN？

B

B

A．Criticism.
B．Encouragement.
C．Disagreement.
D．Doubt.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？

D

D

A．WIN-WIN：Thinking for Others.
B．WIN-WIN：Reaching Your Goals.
C．WIN-WIN：Defeating Your Rivals.
D．WIN-WIN：Gaining Mutual Benefits.