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Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time.In fact，a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies，but also changes their DNA，causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
   Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes（染色體），called telomeres（端粒），says Idan Shalev，lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
   Telomeres are special DNA sequences（序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides，until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
   Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres，including smoking，radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
   In this study，researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal.They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5，7 and 10，asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner；physical maltreatment by an adult；or bullying.Researchers measured the children's telomeres-in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
   Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence，says Shalev.Unless that pattern changes，the study suggests，these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging，such as heart attacks or memory loss，seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
   Shalev says there is hope for these kids.His study found that，in rare cases，telomeres can lengthen.Better nutrition，exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres，he says.
   The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes，says Charles Nelson，a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.

（1）What does the new study find？
B
B

A．Hardship can change a child's memory.
B．Violence can speed up a child's aging.
C．Violence leaves scars on a child's mind.
D．Hardship has an effect on a child's mind.
（2）What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A
A

A．Telomeres.
B．Children.
C．Chromosomes.
D．DNA sequences.
（3）What can be inferred from the text？
D
D

A．Violence can cause quick cell death in children's body.
B．Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.
C．Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.
D．Being treated badly will make a child's telomeres shorten faster.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
C
C

A．Violence and Telomeres
B．The Function of Telomeres
C．Violence Makes Children Aging
D．DNA Influences Children's Growth

【考點(diǎn)】教育；說明文．

【答案】B；A；D；C

【解答】

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5

相似題

1．Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older．Language experts，however，will tell you that you're never too old to learn a new language．As you get older，it can be more difficult to learn a new language，though．
   Children and adults learn new languages in different ways．For children，language is their life．They study for thousands of hours every year，because they need to learn languages to become part of their communities．Adults，on the other hand，are already part of a language community．Learning a new language means becoming part of another language community，and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do．
   Moreover，children learning a new language are expected to make mistakes．This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident．Adults，however，often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language．This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language．
   When young children learn a new language，they come to see various languages as a"normal"part of society．This mindset （思維模式） helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like they're doing something unusual or"too hard"．
   So if you want to learn a new language，go for it!It's never too late to learn a new language．If you're older，it may take more work，but it can be done．If you're a young child，though，now is the time to step out and learn a new language!

（1）By"Language is their life"，the author means that children

．
A．can't live without language
B．lead a happy life every day
C．practice a new language a lot
D．a(chǎn)re taken good care of adults
（2）What may make it hard for the old people to learn to a new language？

A．They are afraid of being laughed at．
B．They usually have too many interests．
C．They think making mistakes is natural．
D．They always make all kinds of mistakes．
（3）Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning a new language？

A．The behaviors they have．
B．The learning attitudes．
C．The future plans they have made．
D．The materials they are using．
（4）According to the author，a new language

．
A．can never be learned by the old people
B．can be grasped by the old people easily
C．can be understood only by the old people
D．can be learned by both the old and the young
發(fā)布：2024/11/4 7:30:2組卷：86引用：10難度：0.7
解析
2．    When we're in trouble，we always ask our parents for help.But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground？Social networking sites have become extensions（延伸） of the school hallways，so would you add your parents as"friends"and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends？
    In the past the generation gap included a technology gap，where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind，content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they didn't need to know more about technology.However，many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives.This realization has given many parents the motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)） to educate themselves about social networking sites.These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them，there's also a amount of control over privacy（隱私） that we don't get in real life.Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated（違背） when we must accept a"friend"request from family members.
    It's a difficult choice whether or not to allow parents to become a part of our online lives.Sometimes we don't want to"refuse"their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide.But if you do accept，then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before.
    A survey suggested parents shouldn't take it personally if their children overlook（忽略） their requests.When a teenager overlooks a parent's friend request，it doesn't necessarily mean that he is hiding something，but it means that he wants to be independent.
    Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list.

（1）What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A.Parents feel secure about their privacy online.
B.Parents have realized the importance of social networks.
C.Social networks successfully fill the generation gap.
D.Social networks offer parents a motivation to educate themselves.
（2）What maybe the reason for teenagers to refuse a parent's friend request？

A.They hide something from their parents.
B.Their parents make negative comments on them.
C.They are unwilling to be watched by parents.
D.Their parents tend to fall behind in technology.
（3）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？

A.How to use the social networks correctly.
B.How do social networks affect people's life.
C.Why do most of teenagers refuse their parents' friend requests.
D.How to reduce the unpleasant influence of refusing parents' friend requests.
（4）What is the best title of the passage？

A.Parents' Friend Requests.
B.Privacy Online.
C.The Importance of Relationship.
D.The Development of Social Networks.
發(fā)布：2024/10/24 13:0:4組卷：4引用：1難度：0.5
解析
3．Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education.Therefore，they choose not to go to college.If you're one of them，think again.Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.
   Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge.We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation.More knowledge will be gained after you start working，but without education，that job will not be within easy reach.Knowledge leads to knowledge.
   While limited within the walls of the educational places，we openly explore other cultures of the world!We come to know that ours is not the only culture.Other cultures have valuable things to share，enriching our own.Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures，getting more experience.
   When there's a recession in the economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)），those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set.The more education you have，the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary.
   When you're skillful and knowledgeable，you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes.It means a good education leads to excellent networking.Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life.
   A good education makes you a more interesting person.You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores.An educated person doesn't gossip（說閑話），having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say.

（1）What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2？

A．It offers you a chance to study abroad.
B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge.
C．It can improve the quality of your daily life.
D．It encourages you to travel around the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "recession" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A．change.
B．drop.
C．growth.
D．support.
（3）How can one benefit from a good education？

A．You can gossip about others' affairs.
B．You are likely to study well at school.
C．You can work well with your coworkers.
D．You get to know excellent people with similar interests.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？

A．The benefits of attending college.
B．The exchange with other cultures.
C．The access to good networking.
D．The ways of college education.
發(fā)布：2024/10/2 0:0:1組卷：24引用：11難度：0.6
解析

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