當前位置： 2022-2023學年廣東省深圳高級中學高一（上）期末英語試卷> 試題詳情

Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine."Not choice，but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，"William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.In the everchanging 21^st century，even the word"habit"carries a negative meaning.
   So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation（創(chuàng)新）.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits，we create parallel（平行的）paths，and even entirely new brain cells，that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.
   Rather than dismissing（不屑）ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit，we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact，the more new things we try，the more creative we become.
   But don't bother trying to kill off old habits；once those tracks of procedure are worn into the brain，they're there to stay.Instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
   "The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，"says Dawna Markova，author of The Open Mind."But we are taught instead to 'decide'，just as our president calls himself 'the Decider'."She adds，however，that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."
   "All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware，"she says.Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to deal with challenges mainly in four ways：analytically，procedurally，collaboratively（合作地）and innovatively.At the end of adolescence（青春期），however，the brain shuts down half of that ability，maintaining only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
   The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure，meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought."This breaks the major rule in the American belief system ---that anyone can do anything，"explains M.J.Ryan，author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms.Markova's business partner."That's a lie that we have kept，and it fosters（助長）commonness.Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence."This is where developing new habits comes in.

（1）Brain researchers have discovered that
A
A
.
A．the forming of new habits can be guided.
B．the development of habits can be predicted.
C．the regulation of old habits can be transformed.
D．the track of new habits can be created unconsciously.
（2）Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova's view？
B
B

A．Decision makes no sense in choices.
B．Curiosity makes creative minds active.
C．Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
D．Innovators always stick with only one possibility.
（3）What is Ryan's attitude towards standardized testing？
D
D

A．Positive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Short-sighted.
D．Critical.
（4）The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us
B
B
.
A．to give up our traditional habits deliberately.
B．to create and develop new habits consciously.
C．to resist the application of standardized testing.
D．to believe that old habits conflict with new habits.

【考點】說明文；科普知識．

【答案】A；B；D；B

【解答】

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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：12引用：1難度：0.5

相似題

1．Earthquakes happen without warning（前兆）.They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year.But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt.Only a few big ones hurt people.However，it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.
   Do not go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines （輸電線）.
   Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
   Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.
   Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself in the fire.
   If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe.Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges.Try not to stop by power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you.

（1）Most earthquakes are too

to hurt people.
A．strong
B．weak
C．dangerous
D．heavy
（2）From the passage，when an earthquake is happening，we should

.
A．stay under a big building
B．stay under a strong furniture
C．stand by windows
D．drive near a big bridge
（3）It isn't safe for you to

while the earthquake is happening.
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？

A．How dangerous the earthquake is.
B．How to be safe in an earthquake.
C．We shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake.
D．How the earthquake comes into being.
發(fā)布：2024/10/29 12:30:2組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
解析
2．American children aren't the only couch potatoes out there.Nearly one third of children in the world spend three hours a day or more watching TV or playing computers，according to a study of over 70，000 teens in 34 nations.
   From Argentina to Zambia，Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found that most children aren't getting enough exercise. "In terms of physical activity levels，we did not find much of a difference between poor and rich countries，" Guthold told Reuters Health. "Growing up in a poor country does not necessarily mean that kids get more physical activity."
   The study，published in The Journal of Pediatrics，looked at 72，845 schoolchildren aged 13 to 15 from Africa，North and South America，Asia，Europe，and the Middle East.
   The researchers defined enough physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outside of gym class at least five days a week.Children who spent three or more hours a day watching TV，playing computer games，or chatting with friends—aside from time in school or time spent doing homework—were considered assedentary .The researchers found only one quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls were getting enough exercise bythese definitions .A quarter of the boys and nearly 30 percent of the girls sat too much and didn't get enough exercise.
   Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary，with 13 percent of boys and 8 percent of girls classified as sedentary.
   Girls were less active than boys in every country except for Zambia.Uruguay had the highest percentage of active boys，at 42 percent，while Zambia had the lowest，at 8 percent.Girls from India were the most active，with 37 percent meeting exercise definitions，while girls from Egypt were the least active，with just 4 percent getting enough exercise.
   While the study didn't look at the reasons behind the lack of physical activity in various nations，Guthold guessed that urbanization （城市化） could be a factor as well as being able to use cars and TVs.She said schools can help children become more active by having physical education classes and educating students about the importance of exercise.

（1）What does the underlined word "sedentary" in paragraph 4 mean？

A．Addicted.
B．Flexible.
C．Inactive.
D．Unhealthy.
（2）What can we know from the study？

A．Boys from Uruguay were the most active.
B．Most girls from India got enough exercise.
C．Children in Europe get more physical activity.
D．Boys are more active than girls in every country.
（3）How does the writer present the findings of the study？

A．By using quotations and taking examples.
B．By listing figures and making comparisons.
C．By asking questions and providing answers.
D．By presenting facts and drawing conclusions.
（4）Which of the following factors probably lead to children's lack of physical activity？

A．Computers and potatoes.
B．Computers and urbanization.
C．Urbanization and physical education.
D．Physical education and homework.
發(fā)布：2024/11/1 19:0:1組卷：15引用：4難度：0.5
解析
3．As the concept of emotional intelligence （EI） has gone global，we've watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don't know where to focus their efforts or they haven't understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders，we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths，it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve，and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
   The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception （how you see yourself） differs from your reputation （how others see you）；（1）

.For example，most of us think that we're good listeners，but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check，it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behaviour and motivation to do so.
   To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation，you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple facets of EI；（2）

.Secondly，when you get your feedback from an assessment，let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence，（3）

.Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically motivated to make the effort matters more when changing long-standing habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
   That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the crossroads of the feedback you've gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations；（4）

as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
   Once you've determined which EI skills you want to focus on，identify specific actions that you'll take.If you're working on becoming a better listener，for example，you might decide that when you're conversing with someone you'll take the time to pause，listen to what they have to say，and check that you understand before you reply.Keep it specific；（5）

.
   By starting to change your routine reactions，you'll be well on your way to figuring out the old habits that aren't serving you well and transforming them into new，improved ones that do.

A.you're at a huge disadvantage if you're only interested because others said you should be
B.bearing your goals in mind is so helpful to improve the positive impact of your current EI habits
C.you should also lake every opportunity to practice the skill you are developing，no matter how small
D.understanding the impacts of your EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over the long run
AB.the key is to find one that guarantees no personal information of those giving you feedback will be leaked
AC.how others see you will to some extent decide how you see others and help you become a good listener
AD.this is true because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions
發(fā)布：2024/10/31 8:1:18組卷：59引用：2難度：0.1
解析

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