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People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
   The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors． "In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female ，had breeding（繁殖） rights within the group， "explains Marian Wong． "All other group members are non-breeding females，each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
    The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not， the evicted fish is then eaten up．
   It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
    The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
   While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等級的） societies remain stable．
   The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans． "As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment． "Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"

（1）When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it
A
A
．
A．faces danger
B．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitor
D．leaves the group itself
（2）The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to
D
D
．
A．the fish beaten up
B．the fish found out
C．the fish fattened up
D．the fish driven away
（3）The experiment showed that the smaller fish
B
B
．
A．fought over a feast
B．went on diet willingly
C．preferred some extra food
D．challenged the boss fish
（4）What is the text mainly about？
D
D

A．Fish dieting and human dieting．
B．Dieting and health．
C．Human dieting．
D．Fish dieting．

【考點】說明文；議論文．

【答案】A；D；B；D

【解答】

【點評】

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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：16引用：2難度：0.5

相似題

1．Earthquakes happen without warning（前兆）.They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year.But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt.Only a few big ones hurt people.However，it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.
   Do not go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines （輸電線）.
   Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
   Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.
   Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself in the fire.
   If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe.Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges.Try not to stop by power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you.

（1）Most earthquakes are too

to hurt people.
A．strong
B．weak
C．dangerous
D．heavy
（2）From the passage，when an earthquake is happening，we should

.
A．stay under a big building
B．stay under a strong furniture
C．stand by windows
D．drive near a big bridge
（3）It isn't safe for you to

while the earthquake is happening.
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？

A．How dangerous the earthquake is.
B．How to be safe in an earthquake.
C．We shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake.
D．How the earthquake comes into being.
發(fā)布：2024/10/29 12:30:2組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
解析
2．What do you use your fridge for：It can not only keep your food cold，but also make ice and freeze food．But in the future smart fridges may do much more than you can think．They may tell you what food is inside，what food you need，what food is healthy for you，and even shop for you，too!
   Some companies are making online fridges which have a computer screen on the door．And it can be very useful that the computer is linked to a supermarket through the Internet．For example，when you finish your orange juice，you can put the empty juice carton（紙盒包裝） near the computer screen．The computer reads the bar code on the juice carton．Then it orders more orange juice from the supermarket．You can also use the computer screen to order other things from the supermarket．The computer screen has a series of things that are in the store．You can choose what you need．The supermarket will send the food to your home．
   Companies are making other kinds of "smart" appliances（電器），too．There is a new kind of microwave oven（微波爐） which has a computer memory．It can remember 365 different cookbooks．There is also a smart mixer that can remember cookbooks．Even it can test ingredients for you!
   Of course，sometimes these smart appliances don't work．When they do，they will tell you．And then they can call someone to fix them，too!

（1）Your fridges can do the following things except

．
A．keep food warm
B．make ice
C．keep food cold
D．freeze food
（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word "linked" in Paragraph 2？

A．Prepared．
B．Connected．
C．Offered．
D．Formed．
（3）Which is not true？

A．The oven can call someone to fix itself when it doesn't work．
B．The oven can store 365 cookbooks．
C．The mixer can test ingredients for you．
D．The mixer can help you clean the kitchen．
（4）What is the main idea of the text？

A．Online fridges have a computer screen on the door．
B．Fridges of the future will order food from the supermarket．
C．Smart appliances，like online fridges，can be very helpful．
D．People won't have to go to supermarkets to buy food in the future．
發(fā)布：2024/10/29 0:0:2組卷：67引用：2難度：0.7
解析
3．As the concept of emotional intelligence （EI） has gone global，we've watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don't know where to focus their efforts or they haven't understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders，we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths，it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve，and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
   The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception （how you see yourself） differs from your reputation （how others see you）；（1）

.For example，most of us think that we're good listeners，but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check，it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behaviour and motivation to do so.
   To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation，you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple facets of EI；（2）

.Secondly，when you get your feedback from an assessment，let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence，（3）

.Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically motivated to make the effort matters more when changing long-standing habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
   That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the crossroads of the feedback you've gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations；（4）

as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
   Once you've determined which EI skills you want to focus on，identify specific actions that you'll take.If you're working on becoming a better listener，for example，you might decide that when you're conversing with someone you'll take the time to pause，listen to what they have to say，and check that you understand before you reply.Keep it specific；（5）

.
   By starting to change your routine reactions，you'll be well on your way to figuring out the old habits that aren't serving you well and transforming them into new，improved ones that do.

A.you're at a huge disadvantage if you're only interested because others said you should be
B.bearing your goals in mind is so helpful to improve the positive impact of your current EI habits
C.you should also lake every opportunity to practice the skill you are developing，no matter how small
D.understanding the impacts of your EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over the long run
AB.the key is to find one that guarantees no personal information of those giving you feedback will be leaked
AC.how others see you will to some extent decide how you see others and help you become a good listener
AD.this is true because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions
發(fā)布：2024/10/31 8:1:18組卷：59引用：2難度：0.1
解析

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