2022-2023學(xué)年天津市南開(kāi)區(qū)高三（上）質(zhì)檢英語(yǔ)試卷（二）

單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分， 滿分15分）

• 1．— David was late for the biology class this morning.
  —________？As far as I know，he never came late to class.（　?。?/h2>

  A．So what

  B．How come

  C．Why not

  D．What for
  組卷：21引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．We've done a solid preparation so this is ________ our team is supposed to shine.（　　）

  A．what

  B．whether

  C．which

  D．where
  組卷：84引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Scientists ________ research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain，especially since the 1950s.（　?。?/h2>

  A．conducted	B．have been conducted
  C．have been conducting	D．had conducted
  組卷：72引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 4．Despite previous failed attempts，the scientists believed they would make a breakthrough in the ________ experiments.（　?。?/h2>

  A．subsequent	B．critical
  C．primary	D．independent
  組卷：31引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 5．—How did you make so rapid progress in your English？Do you have any secrets？
  —No.Only ________ hard working.（　?。?/h2>

  A．in terms of	B．in honor of
  C．by means of	D．on behalf of
  組卷：14引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 6．—I need to tell Kevin the conference has been canceled.
  —_________ He's already on his way.（　　）

  A．The sooner the better.

  B．Don't bother.

  C．You've got me there.

  D．How could you？
  組卷：17引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 7．These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet，even in the most extreme circumstances.（　　）

  A．component	B．coverage
  C．capacity	D．comprehension
  組卷：48引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

閱讀下面短文，按照要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。

• 21．Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working？Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body.while others think it is important for strengthening newly formed memories.Now，there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
      The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites （樹(shù)突）.These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain's cells to each other at contact points called synapses （突觸）.The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect，the more information we store.
      In 2018.Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli，both biologists at the University of Wisconsin Madison，suggested a new idea：The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy.Sleeping allows us to sort through （整理） the "noise" and dispense all the unnecessary information.leaving behind only the most important memories.
      Recently，the university's research has provided direct evidence to support the theory.The experiment involved analyzing 6.920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period：one group had been allowed to sleep，while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys.The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.
      It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse.20% of neurons remained unchanged：these were most likely well established memories.Therefore.although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we've learned，the brain "forgets" in a smart way.
      Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep.
      Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity.Though scientists may never agree on a single reason.they are all sure of one thing — a good night's rest is essential for our health.So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
  
  （1）What's the purpose of sleeping according to the new discovery？（no more than 15 words）

  
  （2）What's the main idea of Paragraph 2？（no more than 10 words）

  
  （3）What does the underlined word "dispense" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（no more than 5 words）

  
  （4）What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text？（no more than 10 words）

  
  （5）Do you think a good night's sleep will benefit your next-day study？Please explain in your own words. （no more than 20 words）
  組卷：8引用：2難度：0.4

  解析

書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

• 22．假如你是高中生李津，你的英國(guó)朋友Johnson得知中國(guó)的航天員在空間站對(duì)全國(guó)的青少年進(jìn)行"天宮課堂"授課后，對(duì)此很感興趣，在電子郵件中詢問(wèn)詳細(xì)的信息和你聽(tīng)課的感受。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一封回信：
  （1）"天宮課堂"已經(jīng)播出到了第三課，受到學(xué)生們的歡迎；
  （2）觀看了很多科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)在零重力條件下的演示；
  （3）加深對(duì)于理科學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，產(chǎn)生了作為一名中國(guó)學(xué)生的自豪感。
  參考詞匯：中國(guó)空間站China Space Station；零重力zero-gravity；航天員taikonaut
  注意 ：
  （1）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
  （2）文中不可出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的個(gè)人信息；
  （3）詞數(shù)不少于100（開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。
  Dear Johnson，
  In your last e-mail，you mentioned your interest in the "Tiangong Classroom."
  _______
  Looking forward to your reply.
  Yours sincerely，
  Li Jin
  組卷：7引用：2難度：0.5

  解析