2022-2023學(xué)年北京市101中學(xué)高一（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，共30分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共1小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 1．17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida.As they reached a crossroads，a black car（1）

  them.Their car sailed into someone's yard and crashed into a tree.
     As smoke rose from the car，a bystander shouted， "It's about to blow up!Get out!" The（2）

  had caved in Norwood's driver's side door，jamming it shut.（3）

  but otherwise OK，she climbed out through the window.Along with two of her friends，who'd also managed to（4）

  themselves，Norwood ran for her life.
     But halfway down the street，she realized that her best friend，Simmons，wasn't with them.
     Norwood ran（5）

  and found Simmons in the back seat，unconscious.She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out，avoiding the broken glass as best as she could.She（6）

  Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. "I checked her pulse，and put my head against her chest.No sign of life，" Norwood told CNN， "That's when I started CPR.Fortunately，I（7）

  my CPR certificate yesterday."
     She started pumping Simmons's chest and breathing into her friend's mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.No（8）

  .And then，after the 30 compressions （按壓） and two rescue breaths，Simmons regained consciousness.The CPR had（9）

  !
     Soon，paramedics （急救人員） arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital，where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. "I wasn't（10）

  ，" Simmons said. "She will always help any way she can."
  
  

  （1）	A．stopped	B．hit	C．guided	D．passed
  （2）	A．impact	B．symbol	C．weight	D．gravity
  （3）	A．Relaxed	B．Shaken	C．Amazed	D．Embarrassed
  （4）	A．release	B．defeat	C．meet	D．protect
  （5）	A．back	B．a(chǎn)round	C．forward	D．outside
  （6）	A．pushed	B．rolled	C．drove	D．dragged
  （7）	A．lost	B．tested	C．earned	D．provided
  （8）	A．trouble	B．response	C．preparation	D．exception
  （9）	A．begun	B．finished	C．failed	D．worked
  （10）	A．calm	B．upset	C．surprised	D．nervous
  組卷：15引用：1難度：0.2

  解析

第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空（共1小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

• 2．A My classmates and I took part in a voluntary activity on the International Volunteer Day.We had a meeting to discuss what to do before the activity.Our monitor suggested giving directions to those （1）

  got lost，and everyone agreed.On the morning of December 5th，we came to the crossroads near our school to make careful preparation.Some were hanging up banners，while others （2）

  （put） maps in order.The people we helped were all （3）

  （satisfy） and praised us for what we did.
  B Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise，which aims at developing strength and flexibility.However， （4）

  yoga is really about is more than just exercise.People do yoga（5）

  （hear） what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them.In 2014，the Prime Minister of India，Narendra Modi，asked the United Nations to create an International Day of Yoga.The United Nations agreed，and now International Yoga Day （6）

  （celebrate） in June.
  C The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund，also known as UNICEF，is a United Nations （7）

  （organize） based in New York.It offers help needed by children all over the world.UNICEF was founded （8）

  11^th December，1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaged in World War Ⅱ.Since 1953，UNICEF（9）

  （take） up an extended mission to help children in the developing world，including those living with disease or disabilities，and those affected by rapid modernization and environmental （10）

  （problem）.
  組卷：20引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共3小題；每小題6分，共22分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 3．From：jovangagic56@memail．com
  To：kmallory@LN．org
  Subject：Hi!
  Dear Mr．Mallory，
     I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
     Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
     In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities：one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street．
     This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip （my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring），the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
     I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks．
  Yours sincerely，
  Jovan Gagic
  （1）Jovan wrote the email to

  ．
  A．provide information
  B．share experiences
  C．express dissatisfaction
  D．raise expectations
  （2）According to Jovan，the guide

  ．
  A．organized cultural activities
  B．failed to perform duties
  C．had a good knowledge of the city
  D．received punishment for bad behavior
  （3）What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory？

  
  A．To make him feel sorry．
  B．To cause him worry．
  C．To bring him disappointment．
  D．To get him into trouble．
  組卷：21引用：3難度：0.3

  解析

• 4．Collaboration at work is generally seen as a good thing．The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work in a team，to work with a wide variety of people and to build，maintain and expand a network of people were three of the top five skills that managers wanted．
     But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork，which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal，with the dangers of "groupthink"，when some don't point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others．When people are aware of the views of others，there is a tendency for them to follow，as participants are reluctant to look foolish by deviating from the majority view．The same effect may lead to stock-market bubbles．
     Modern communication methods mean that collaboration is more frequent．Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail，messaging groups or mobile calls．But does that improve or worsen performance？
     A new study by Ethan Bernstein，Jesse Shore and David Lazer，three American academics，tried to answer this question．They set a logical problem （devising the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities）．Three groups were involved：one where subjects acted independently；another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage；and a third where they were kept informed of each other's views only intermittently （間歇地）．
     The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the best solution more often than the
  constant collaborators，but had a poorer average result．The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists，and got a better average solution．
     When it comes to idea generation，giving people a bit of space to find a solution seems to be a good idea．Occasional collaboration can be a big help；most people have benefited from a colleague's wise advice to avoid a particular course of action．
     Close teamwork may be vital in the lower reaches of a group，but at the top，someone has to make a decision．At this stage，intense collaboration may be less helpful．Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led．Co-led teams of Himalayan climbers are more likely to suffer deaths than those with single leaders．Experts think that co-leadership "creates uncertainty over who is really in charge"．The battles between Sandy Weill and John Reed when they were co-chief executives of Citigroup in the late 1990s were infamous．Less than 5% of companies in the Fortune 500 have used a co-CEO structure since 1989．In short，collaboration may be a useful tool，but it doesn't work in every situation．
  
  （1）What does the underlined word "deviating" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

  
  A．Suffering．
  B．Differing．
  C．Varying．
  D．Ranging．
  （2）In the new study conducted by three American academics，

  ．
  A．constant collaborators had the poorest average solution
  B．a(chǎn)ll subjects had the chances to visit a variety of cities
  C．individualists found the right result the most often
  D．occasional collaboration promoted performance
  （3）From the last paragraph，we can learn that

  ．
  A．fashion houses were more likely creative with a single authority
  B．Himalayas climbers work together to avoid potential deaths
  C．Sandy Weill and John Reed were not so creative leaders
  D．successful companies have one Chief Executive Officer
  （4）What is the best title for the passage？

  
  A．What is collaboration？
  B．When does collaboration work？
  C．Why collaboration is highly valued？
  D．How to collaborate with others in a team？
  組卷：30引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 5．Up until a few decades ago，our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive.Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity，leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
     Now utopia has grown unfashionable，as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us，from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
     But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we？Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe，and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens，if not hundreds，of thousands of years.Look up homo sapiens （智人） in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature （IUCN），and you will read： "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed，currently increasing，and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
     So what does our deep future hold？A growing number of researchers and institutions are now thinking seriously about that question.For example，the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
     Perhaps willfully，it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of today's technology，and its social consequences，is dazzlingly complicated，and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive （構(gòu)想）.That's one reason why we have launched Arc，a new publication dedicated to the near future.
     But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable jye.aisurance.As so often，the past holds the key to the future：we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet，and our species，to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants （后代） will find themselves.
     This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad （狂熱）.To be sure，the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans，and to improve the lot of those to come.
  
  （1）Our vision of the future used to be influenced by

  .
  A．our desire for lives of fulfillment
  B．our faith in science and technology
  C．our awareness of potential risks
  D．our belief in equal opportunity
  （2）The IUCN's "Red List" suggests that human beings are

  .
  A．a(chǎn) sustained species
  B．a(chǎn) misplaced race
  C．a(chǎn) threat to the environment
  D．the world's dominant power
  （3）What can we learn from Paragraph 5？

  
  A．Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
  B．Technology offers solutions to social problem.
  C．The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
  D．Our immediate future is hard to imagine.
  （4）To ensure the future of mankind，it is crucial to

  .
  A．explore our planet's abundant resources
  B．a(chǎn)dopt an optimistic view of the world
  C．draw on our experience from the past
  D．control our ambition to reshape history
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（共1小題；每小題10分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

• 6．Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason was： "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，" while another read： " （1）

  "With a workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition.
     So，how do you find a workout partner？
     First of all，decide what you want from that person. （2）

  Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
     You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won't result in a useful response. （3）

  If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.
     My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do，how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities，and provided her phone number. （4）

  
     You and your partner will probably have different skills. （5）

  Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
  
  A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
  B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
  C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
  D.Do you want to be a better player in your favorite sport？
  E.How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice？
  F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
  G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
  組卷：17引用：5難度：0.5

  解析

第五部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，27分）第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)（共1小題，第63、64小題各2分，第65小題3分，共7分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題。

• 18．The Lie We Tell Ourselves About Going to Bed Early It is nothing new to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being.One recent study of more than 30，000 U.K.residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy，or from winning up to ﹩280，000 in a lottery.Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.A lack of sleep，however，lowers happiness by reducing emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset （稀缺心態(tài)）.
      If all of this seems obvious，why don't we sleep more？Physical conditions，work，stress，and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep.However，another barrier comes purely from what scholars call "revenge bed time procrastination"，a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.The writer Sylvia Plath described it nicely： "I wonder why I don't go to bed and go to sleep.But then it would be tomorrow，so I decide that no matter how tired I am，I can skip one hour more of sleep and live." Weirdly，we deprive ourselves of sleep to show some sort of independence from—well，ourselves.
      Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical，in that the perpetrator （行為人） and the recipient of the revenge are the same person.But the explanation is fairly straightforward：It happens because，generally speaking，people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life，so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.
      Personal control over our environment— or even the feeling of control—is deeply connected to our emotional balance.Given that sleep is something we can directly control，we may break common-sense rules about getting to bed，because we are unconsciously seeking a better emotional state—until the morning，when the alarm clock fills us with regret.
  
  （1）According to the recent study，what are the benefits of adequate sleep？

  
  （2）What is "revenge bed time procrastination"？

  
  （3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
  Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
  組卷：4引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié) 寫(xiě)作（共20分）

• 19．假如你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友 Jim來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)你們班參加剛剛舉辦的學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的情況。請(qǐng)你用英文寫(xiě)一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：
  1.參加情況（項(xiàng)目，成績(jī)等）；
  2.你的感受。
  注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
  Dear Jim，
  ___________________________
  Yours，
  Li Hua
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析