2022-2023學年江蘇省南京市鼓樓區(qū)金陵中學高一（下）期末英語試卷

閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50.0分）

• 1．Family-Friendly Events in January ZooLights：Glow Wild Jan.1-19
     The Phoenix Zoo's yearly holiday light show is on until Jan.19，allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city's zoo，with millions of lights giving an added dimension to he festivities.
     Glow Wild，455 N.Galvin Pkwy.，Phoenix，
     https//：www.phoenixzoo.org，＄13.95 for general admission ＄11.95 for members.
     Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan.4-18
     The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists，including those who create woodwork，metal crafts，food items，art and photography gifts.
     On Macdonald，off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa.
     https//：www.dtmesafest.com，free admission.
     Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4
     OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard，featuring real snow for the kids to play in.This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides，games，snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers，with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
     9500 E.Via de Ventura，Scottsdale
     https//：www.odyseainthedesert.com，free.
     Youth Fine Arts Course Jan.18-Mar.7
     Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials，including painting，drawing，mixed media and sculpture，ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
     Mesa Art Center，I E.Main St.，Mesa，
     https//：www.mesaartscenter.com，＄93 for admission.
  
  （1）How can you get a discount when buying a ticket to the ZooLights show？

  
  A．By bringing a friend.
  B．By becoming a member.
  C．By Booking a ticket online.
  D．By Joining a tour group
  （2）What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest？

  
  A．Have free food.
  B．Enjoy real snow.
  C．Take art classes.
  D．Meet local artists
  （3）Which event lasts the longest？

  
  A．ZooLights：Glow Wild.
  B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
  C．Family Fun Winterfest.
  D．Youth Fine Arts Courses.
  組卷：13引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents，most of them proudly replied， "Well，I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc." But this kind of misses the point.
     More often than not，what we mean when we say someone "has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one，or that pronunciations are different from our own.But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice.Funnily enough，in terms of the language study，every person speaks with an accent.It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents.Even if you don't hear it yourself，you speak with some sort of accent.In this sense，it's pointless to point out that someone"has an accent".We all do!
     Every person speaks a dialect （方言），too.In the field of language study，a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure，phrases and words.For instance，" You got eat or not？ "（meaning "Have you eaten？"）is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English.The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is "wrong" or "ungrammatical".The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative，according to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar.Why should it be wrong just because it's different？
     We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone.
     Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and backgrounds.In a global age，the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity.Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech.We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
  
  （1）What does the author think of his/ her friends' response in paragraph 1？

  
  A．It reflects their self confidence.
  B．It reflects their language levels.
  C．It misses the point of communication.
  D．It misses the real meaning of accents.
  （2）Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？

  
  A．To justify the use of dialects.
  B．To show the diversity of dialects.
  C．To correct a grammatical mistake.
  D．To highlight a traditional approach.
  （3）What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph？

  
  A．Learn to speak with your local dialect.
  B．Seek for an official definition of accents.
  C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
  D．Distinguish our local languages from others'.
  （4）What can be a suitable title for this passage？

  
  A．Everyone Has an Accent
  B．Accents Enhance Our Identities
  C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
  D．Standard English Is at Risk
  組卷：37引用：10難度：0.3

  解析

• 3．Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that"everyone"thinks the same way？Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs，reading along without the immediate realization？
     A social media echo chamber （回聲壁） is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices.Social media sites like Facebook，Twitter，and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences.As a result，people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions.Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms （算法） to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention.The algorithms focus on what we "like"，and "share" to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable.
     In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media，we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone.While this becomes increasingly challenging，there are things we can do.The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources.Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber.Next，read each thing you see with a critical eye.Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact.Lastly，attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information.By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions，we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber.
  
  （1）What is a result of the social media echo chamber？

  
  A．People contact like-minded online users effectively.
  B．People keep reading for more differing viewpoints.
  C．People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests.
  D．People only get information confirming their beliefs.
  （2）What does "beef up"underlined in paragraph 3 mean？

  
  A．Track.
  B．Improve.
  C．Provide.
  D．Identify.
  （3）Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber？

  
  A．Criticizing fake news on social media.
  B．Exposing ourselves to opposing voices.
  C．Researching primary sources of information.
  D．Accepting our present beliefs and opinions.
  （4）What is the purpose of the text？

  
  A．To call on people to use algorithms frequently.
  B．To ask people not to take in information blindly.
  C．To promote the use of various social media sites.
  D．To inform people of new technology developments.
  組卷：14引用：5難度：0.3

  解析

• 4．    People with genetic syndromes （綜合癥） sometimes have telltale （泄露私密的）facial features，but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have.A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.
      Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt-or overall impression--- of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.
      They trained the neural network，called DeepGestalt，on 17，000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions.It included the correct answer 91 percent of the time.
      Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network's ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations（變異） that can lead to the same syndrome.They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome，which can result from mutations in any one of five genes.DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.It's clearly not perfect，but it's still much better than humans are at trying to do this.
     As the system makes its assessments，the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view.This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.
      The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy.If faces can reveal details about genetics，then employers and insurance providers could，in principle，secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.However，Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians （臨床醫(yī)生）.Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers.Besides，it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and，in turn，help find new treatments or cures.
  
  （1）What can we know about DeepGestalt？

  
  A．It can be trained to correctly label the images of people.
  B．It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time.
  C．It is built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders.
  D．It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance.
  （2）Why are certain facial regions highlighted in the assessment process？

  
  A．To help confirm the diagnosis.
  B．To help make the system more understandable.
  C．To help the system quickly recognize people .
  D．To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis.
  （3）What's the best title of this text？

  
  A．Tricky facial features
  B．Faces let AI spot genetic disorders
  C．Facial features give you away to doctors
  D．DeepGestalt：a magic cure for genetic syndromes
  （4）What's the author's attitude towards the technology？

  
  A．Positive.
  B．Neutral.
  C．Indifferent.
  D．Critical.
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

• 5．The carbon footprint shows how much carbon dioxide a person emits（排放）in everyday life.It measures the amount offossil（化石）fuels and electricity someone uses up as well as the carbon footprint of the products they buy.When we use our cars or heat our homes with carbon dioxide，various other gases are set free.（1）

  
     You can measure your carbon footprint by using a calculator that you can find on various websites.（2）

  In America for example，every citizen produces about 28 tons of carbon dioxide and other dangerous gases a year；in Great Britain the amount is about 10 tons.
     （3）

  The way we travel，for example，has a major effect on our environment.Use your bike or walk for short distances.Public transport is a way of getting to places without putting a burden on the environment.（4）

  Many environmental experts，however，argue that it often saves energy to buy food that is produced naturally in faraway places than consuming food grown locally in greenhouses.In your home you can contribute to saving energy by turning off lights if you don't need them or by avoiding the use of air conditioners.Recycling plastic glass and paper can also reduce your carbon footprint dramatically.
     （5）

  Only if we concentrate on reducing carbon emissions together can we hope to make our environment better.
  
  A.Many people travel between cities and suburbs every day.
  B.The carbon footprint is usually measured in tons of CO₂ per year.
  C.These emissions lead to a thicker atmosphere and global warming.
  D.It is also vital to persuade others to take the same steps that you do.
  E.There are many actions you can take to reduce your carbon footprint.
  F.The websites also provide carbon storage tools and methods for individuals.
  G.Buying local food is another way of restricting emission into the atmosphere.
  組卷：12引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

語言運用（共4節(jié)，滿分30分）

• 6．     Some twenty years ago，Poonam visited Ranthambore，with her husband Aditya Singh.She was（1）

  by a tigress with three cubs（幼崽）on a hill.At the end of the trip，she asked Aditya if they could move to the Ranthambore and he agreed.
     Over the years，the couple bought about 35 acres bordering the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve on one side.The area，called Bhadlav，had（2）

  vegetation but has since been（3）

  into a green forest.
     After（4）

  in Ranthambore，Aditya first visited the Bhadlav area with a BBC film-maker.He became（5）

  that the farmers were（6）

  their land because of the risk of predators（食肉動物）searching for food. "I just bought this and did nothing to it except（7）

  the aggressive species.We（8）

  the land to recover and now after 20 years，it has become a green forest which is frequented by all kinds of animals，including tigers."
     Not only did the couple have the（9）

  to let the natural habitat renew itself，they also created several water holes to ensure the wild animals have enough drinking water even during the hot summers.Because of their efforts，the（10）

  to the farmers in the area has been dramatically reduced. "The animals understand in this forest they get food，water and safe shelter without any（11）

  ." Aditya explained.They have had many（12）

  from buyers for the land but the Singhs are not interested in selling（13）

  their love for nature and wildlife. "Money was never the（14）

  ，" they said.
     Aditya and Poonam's story has inspired others in the area to follow their example.Aditya has also been receiving（15）

  from people across India who want to create a comparable model in their own states.
  
  

  （1）	A．a(chǎn)ccompanied	B．fascinated	C．frightened	D．blocked
  （2）	A．diverse	B．wild	C．rare	D．little
  （3）	A．classified	B．transformed	C．dug	D．stuck
  （4）	A．settling	B．investing	C．negotiating	D．training
  （5）	A．proud	B．disappointed	C．worried	D．a(chǎn)ware
  （6）	A．donating	B．naming	C．selling	D．expanding
  （7）	A．lose	B．remove	C．identify	D．predict
  （8）	A．controlled	B．rented out	C．depended on	D．a(chǎn)llowed
  （9）	A．patience	B．facility	C．technology	D．staff
  （10）	A．a(chǎn)ccess	B．link	C．a(chǎn)ttention	D．threat
  （11）	A．disturbance	B．a(chǎn)ttempt	C．hesitation	D．sign
  （12）	A．examples	B．offers	C．complaints	D．benefits
  （13）	A．instead of	B．in spite of	C．in addition to	D．due to
  （14）	A．solution	B．source	C．priority	D．possibility
  （15）	A．instructions	B．checks	C．enquiries	D．funds
  組卷：22引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 7．閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
      In China calligraphy occupies a distinguished position in the field of traditional art.It is not only a means of communication， （1）

  a means of expressing a person's inner world in （2）

  artistic way.
      Ancient people paid great attention （3）

  calligraphy.It was the essential whereby a candidate could manifest his literary talent in the Imperial Examination，for it gave a first （4）

  to the examiners.
      To practise calligraphy （5）

  （require） the basic tools of four treasures of study，writing brush，ink stick，paper，and ink slab as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink，and writing on the paper （6）

  the ink will diffuse（擴散） quickly.Once the brush movement hesitates，a black mark is created，so speed，as well as strength，is the essence of fine artwork.When （7）

  （write），many calligraphers will forget all worries and even （8）

  （them），combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.Thus it （9）

  （compare） with Qigong，which also can mould and improve a person's temper and promote well being.
      Today，although （10）

  （variety） modern ways have been substituted for the original calligraphy，especially which created with a writing brush，people still love the ancient form and practise it untiringly.
  組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

句子填空（共15小題。每小題1分，滿分15分）根據(jù)提示，填寫適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

• 8．In game theory，this problem

  （refer） to as Hempel's Raven or the raven paradox.
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

非謂語形式語法填空（共1小題，每小題5分，滿分5分）閱讀下面的段落，在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

• 23．    Distinguished scientist Lu Yuanjiu died on Tuesday in Beijing，at the age of 103. （1）

  （bear） in January 1920 in Laian county，Anhui province，Lu was a diligent student.In 1945，he went to the US （2）

  （research） inertial navigation （慣性導(dǎo)航）at the MIT.After receiving his doctorate at MIT，Lu continued his research in the US until 1956.When he came back home，a host of equipment and technologies（3）

  （develop） by Lu and his fellow researchers were used in the design and construction of the country's first satellite.Under his guidance，many achievements were made in research on inertial navigation and control technologies， （4）

  （lay） a solid foundation for the development of new carrier rockets and spacecraft.His academic accomplishments led to him （5）

  （elect） as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

書面表達

• 24．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
     Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city.The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school.But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters.More often than not，they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach.Worse sill，as they swam in the water，some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore.
     They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend，Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up.Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags.To their disappointment，after a day's hard work，there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water.Going home with aching legs and arms，Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure.
     That night over dinner with their parents，the pair ale silently.Noticing their low spirits，Mother asked gently， "You two looked so down.What happened？"Exchanging glances with Peter，Maria replied in a low voice，"It's those annoying plastic bags.We tried to clean up but it was just impossible."Understanding the pair's disappointment，their father patted them on the back and comforted，"Well，it's really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.""Just two of us."complained Maria and Peter，looking at each other.Suddenly，an idea lashed through their minds，their eyes shining with excitement."Yes，that's the point!We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!" the pair said in chorus.
  注意：
  （1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
  （2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
  
     Quickly finishing their dinner，the pair went upstairs and started planning.__________
     Excited and nervous，they posted the video and article on WeChat.__________
  組卷：12引用：8難度：0.5

  解析