2022-2023學(xué)年黑龍江省哈爾濱九中高二（上）開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷

第一部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A， B， C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

• 1．Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course
  Course description
     Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.
     Through a series of fun and engaging workshops，you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.
     We'll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research，to feed your inspiration.
     Course outcomes
     You'll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design.You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio（作品集）.
     All our Online Short Courses include：
  *Live online lessons with the same tutors
  *Access to VLE with course content
  *Forums for support
  *Certificate upon completion
     How to book：
  *Click "add to basket"
  *If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager，you will need two email addresses，one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student
  *Select the option to book for someone else
  *Add the bookers' details under your details
     If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015.Please note that all courses are taught in UK time.Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.
  
  （1）How will the students learn through the course？

  
  A．By doing practical exercises.
  B．By watching preloaded videos.
  C．By conducting online research.
  D．By receiving one-to-one instruction.
  （2）What can a student get after finishing the course？

  
  A．A certificate.
  B．A portfolio.
  C．A job offer.
  D．A tutor's signature.
  （3）What calls for special attention when students book the course？

  
  A．Booking in UK time.
  B．Calling to confirm in advance.
  C．Booking at least two days before it starts.
  D．Avoiding using more than one email address.
  組卷：0引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．In 1803，the United States acquired a huge new piece of land called the Louisiana Territory.Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given the job of leading an expedition to collect data about this uncharted territory.President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey：Find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean，make friends with the Native Americans along the way，and gather detailed information about the plants，animals，landforms（地形），and climate of the area.
     In order to discover if there was an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean，Lewis and Clark attempted to travel up the Mississippi River by boat.In this way，they hoped that they would eventually reach the Pacific.Ultimately，the explorers discovered the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide，but not the Pacific Ocean.The hope for an all-water route from the East to the Pacific would have to be abandoned.
     Lewis and Clark's second task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area.They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people，including beads，sewing needles，cloth，yarn，and knives.Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith.However，many tribes were hostile.They felt threatened by the Americans' presence and refused to communicate with them.Other tribes were more welcoming and aided the explorers in finding food and navigating the new region.
     The explorers' final task was extensive and ongoing.Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled.President Jefferson also wanted samples of notable plant and animal life.They prepared animal fur and plant samples to send back to the president throughout the trip.They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environment and terrain（地勢(shì)）.
     Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers，across the Great Plains，over the Rockies，down the Columbia River，and to the Pacific Ocean，Lewis and Clark travelled.After 3 years，Jefferson received a letter from Lewis stating， "It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner.In obedience to your orders，we have penetrated（穿過(guò)）the continent of North America to the Pacific Ocean. "
  
  （1）Which of the following is Not among the tasks that President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark？

  
  A．Find a direct waterway from the U.S.to the Pacific Ocean.
  B．Collect geographic and ecological information about the unknown area.
  C．Locate the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide.
  D．Build relationships with the Native Americans on the way.
  （2）What does the underlined word "hostile" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

  
  A．Determined not to change their attitudes.
  B．Very unfriendly or aggressive.
  C．Not wanting to talk to other people.
  D．Belonging to a very simple society.
  （3）What can we learn about the final task？

  
  A．The task was less challenging than the former two tasks.
  B．The task required a wide range of knowledge and skills.
  C．The task focused on collecting data about landforms and climate.
  D．Lewis and Clark didn't send back samples until they finished their journey.
  （4）What can we infer from the text？

  
  A．Lewis and Clark had to turn back before completing their tasks.
  B．Lewis and Clark successfully found an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean.
  C．Lewis and Clark finished the expedition without the help of Native Americans.
  D．The expedition covered the area from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．In a recent study，researchers at Germany's Technical University of Munich （TUM）find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins.This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect，which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas.It's mostly caused by the fact that buildings，roads，and many other things in the city take in a lot of sunlight and send out the sun's heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies.A secondary cause is waste heat produced by heavy uses of energy.
     For the study，TUM researchers studied 1，400 trees in 10 cities around the world，which were found in both city centers and nearby rural areas.Based on tree ring study，researchers found that city trees are growing faster than their rural cousins.But before the 1960s，both city and rural trees grew at about the same speed."We can show that city trees of the same age are generally larger than rural trees because they grow faster.While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50，it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age，" lead author Hanz Pretzch says.
     Researchers from TUM also found that in some cities，higher-than-normal temperatures have led to growing seasons that are more than eight days longer than the norm.This sounds like a good thing.But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO₂and providing relief from the heat，they' re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees.As a result，these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.
     Considering the valuable "ecosystem services" that city trees provide，planning and management should follow to make a change with today's tree growth speed.Pretzch and his team set out to perform the study largely in response to United Nation's report that the world's cities will experience population growth of more than 60% by 2030.And with such fast growth comes a great need for city trees that make these cities better places to live in.
  
  （1）What does the first paragraph mainly tell us？

  
  A．Cities need more trees to reduce the temperatures.
  B．Humans lead to trees growing faster in cities.
  C．Trees need scientific planting in rural areas.
  D．Greenhouse effect is too serious in cities.
  （2）What can we learn from the findings of the research？

  
  A．Rural trees live twice longer than city trees.
  B．City trees live for about 100 years at most.
  C．Rural trees live much longer now than in the 1960s.
  D．City trees grow faster at early years.
  （3）What is the result of city trees growing faster？

  
  A．Cities suffer more easily from natural disasters.
  B．The temperatures in cities will fall greatly.
  C．City trees have a shorter life circle.
  D．More people move to rural areas.
  （4）Which of the following might be the best title for the text？

  
  A．Taking better care of urban trees
  B．Planting more trees in urban areas
  C．More researches to be done on urban trees
  D．Urban trees growing faster than rural trees
  組卷：10引用：3難度：0.6

  解析

• 4．A recent study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important.These experiences affect the development of the brain.When children receive more attention，they often have higher IQs.Babies receive information when they see，hear and feel things，which makes connections between different parts of the brain.There are a hundred trillion connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.
   Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at telling different sound patterns.The researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns.For example，one order was mu-ba-ba.This is the pattern "A -B- B".Another order was mu-ba-ge.This is the pattern "A-B-C".The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the "A-B-B" pattern.This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.They also were sensitive（敏感的）to where it occurred in the order.
   Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the base of words and grammar，"Position is key to language，" she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end，it makes a big difference： 'John caught the bear' is very different from 'The bear caught John'."
   Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions，audio books，the Internet，or smartphones--no matter how educational-- doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies.They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to- face with the same sounds.Instead they found a huge difference.The babies in the second group were able to distinguish （辨別）between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners.But the other babies一regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio-learned nothing.
  
  （1）Why are early experiences so important to children according to the study？

  
  A．They can show connections in their brains.
  B．They can increase new information of IQs.
  C．They can offer children more attention.
  D．They can help to develop their brains.
  （2）How was the research carried out？

  
  A．By recognizing babies' different appearances.
  B．By producing images of new words for babies.
  C．By testing how babies' brains learn to speak language.
  D．By checking babies' brains to identify different sound patterns.
  （3）Why is Gervain excited about the findings？

  
  A．Grammar is important in learning languages.
  B．Different orders of sounds have different meanings.
  C．The order of words comes from its grammar meaning.
  D．Different languages have different grammar rules.
  （4）What is Patricia Kuhl most likely to agree？

  
  A．Learning Chinese is of great benefit to babies' brains.
  B．Babies are better than adults in learning a foreign language.
  C．Face-to-face communication can improve babies' brains.
  D．Babies learn a lot from television，audio books or the Internet.
  組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（共1小題；每題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

• 5．Can't Resist Junk Food？Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick You're tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious，probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken!（1）

  A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
     Let's take a closer look at this process.Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it？What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes？（2）

  And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
     The results of a series of experiments，including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria，show that extended exposure （of more than two minutes） to junk food smell （e.g，cookie smell）leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell（e.g.strawberry smell）.（3）

  That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth，which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
     （4）

  When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined，food choices were not profoundly influenced.The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
     So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries，it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.（5）

  
  
  A.But wait a minute before you order.
  B.It's a response that has been researched.
  C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
  D.It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
  E.However，it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
  F.It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
  G.The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
  組卷：5引用：4難度：0.4

  解析

第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用完形填空（共 15 小題；每題1分，滿分15分）

• 6．An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity，which may mean a willingness to adopt the same behavior and attitudes as those seen in other people．
  In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group，an individual may willingly（1）

  the group's values and behavior．Often，however，an individual will conform to the behavior of those around him even when they are totally（2）

  ．It seems that many human beings don't like to（3）

  in a crowd or seem to be different from those around them，and they have a strong（4）

  to conform to the behavior of other people simply to avoid making themselves（5）

  ．People will also avoid becoming（6）

  a situation if they can shrug off their responsibility by（7）

  that someone else will do something．When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York，residents must have（8）

  or seen something，yet there was no（9）

  to the police and no one came out to help or investigate．
  Another（10）

  showed that some people would change their opinion in order to conform to the majority（11）

  ．A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most（12）

  in length．All（13）

  one of the people in the group had been informed（14）

  to give a wrong answer．The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer．But，when he heard the others，he changed his mind and agreed to（15）

  that the others were right．
  

  （1）	A．reject	B．a(chǎn)dopt	C．a(chǎn)dapt	D．a(chǎn)djust
  （2）	A．strangers	B．friends	C．opponents	D．neighbors
  （3）	A．put up	B．rush out	C．escape from	D．stand out
  （4）	A．instinct	B．dream	C．desire	D．goal
  （5）	A．confused	B．unexpected	C．desirable	D．noticeable
  （6）	A．involved in	B．taken out	C．isolated from	D．ignorant of
  （7）	A．estimating	B．a(chǎn)ssuming	C．planning	D．a(chǎn)ssuring
  （8）	A．investigated	B．indicated	C．heard	D．confirmed
  （9）	A．complaint	B．hint	C．comment	D．call
  （10）	A．experiment	B．factor	C．proposal	D．description
  （11）	A．view	B．trust	C．a(chǎn)rgument	D．a(chǎn)greement
  （12）	A．a(chǎn)part	B．same	C．likely	D．a(chǎn)like
  （13）	A．except	B．besides	C．including	D．considering
  （14）	A．definitely	B．previously	C．doubtfully	D．clearly
  （15）	A．refer	B．decline	C．a(chǎn)ccept	D．suppose
  組卷：43引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

第三部分 單項(xiàng)選擇（共 35小題，每題1分，共35分）

• 7．-Can I pay the bill by check？
  ---Sorry，sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ____ be made in cash．（　　）

  A．shall

  B．mustn't

  C．can't

  D．will
  組卷：157引用：10難度：0.9

  解析

• 8．Standing at the top of the mountain，we caught sight of a river _________ over 250 meters broad.（　?。?/h2>

  A．measured	B．measuring
  C．measures	D．is measured
  組卷：15引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 9．It was not until the early 18th century _________ the importance of the event was generally realized.（　?。?/h2>

  A．what

  B．when

  C．whose

  D．that
  組卷：12引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 10．—Why didn't you reply to my WeChat messages？
  —Because my phone _________.（　?。?/h2>

  A．is dead

  B．had died

  C．died

  D．have died
  組卷：7引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 11．_________ I _________ yesterday's nucleic acid test，I _________ from traveling.（　　）

  A．Had；taken；wouldn't have been restricted

  B．Have；taken；wouldn't be restricted

  C．Did；take；wouldn't be restricted

  D．Do；took；wouldn't have been restricted.
  組卷：26引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 12．Only when_______ strong enough________ win respect in any corner of the world.（　?。?/h2>

  A．is the motherland；can every Chinese

  B．the motherland is；can every Chinese

  C．is the motherland；every Chinese can

  D．the motherland is；every Chinese can
  組卷：36引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 13．The little boy was so happy _________ his father decided to interrupt the vacation in Shanghai.（　?。?/h2>

  A．until

  B．when

  C．a(chǎn)s

  D．while
  組卷：20引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第三部分 單項(xiàng)選擇（共 35小題，每題1分，共35分）

• 40．Everyone has a long and hard way to grow up _________ we have the glory to shine.（　?。?/h2>

  A．a(chǎn)fter

  B．before

  C．since

  D．a(chǎn)s
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

• 41．_________ climate changing，severe droughts and extreme heat are becoming more frequent.（　?。?/h2>

  A．On

  B．By

  C．With

  D．For
  組卷：12引用：1難度：0.5

  解析