Learning is so complex that there are many different psychological theories to explain how people learn.A psychologist named Albert Bandura suggested a social learning theory which shows that observation，imitation，and modeling play a primary role in this process.
   In Albert Bandura's opinion，people can learn through observation.Observational learning doesn't even necessarily require watching another person join in an activity.We can also learn by reading，hearing，or watching the actions of characters in books and films.However，just observing someone else's actions isn't always enough for learning.Your own mental state also plays an important role in determining whether a behavior is learned or not.In addition，though in many cases，learning can be seen immediately when the new behavior is displayed，yet sometimes we can learn things even though that learning might not be immediately obvious，which means people can learn new information without showing new behaviors.
   Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned.Certain requirements need to be related to the observational learning process.For example，you need to be paying attention.Also your memory is an important part of observational learning as you need to pull up information later and act on it during the process.Once you've paid attention to the model and kept the information，it's time to actually perform the behavior you observed.Further practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement.Finally，you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled.
   Social learning theory have many real-world applications.For example，researchers employ it to look into and understand ways that positive role models can be used to encourage desirable behaviors.Besides，it's also applied in the field of education，and today，both teachers and parents recognize how important it is to model appropriate behaviors.

（1）What can we infer about observational learning from paragraph 2？

C

C

A．Its effects on a person tend to be very obvious.
B．Its effectiveness is determined by the mental state.
C．It doesn't necessarily lead to a change in behavior.
D．Its most useful means might be watching and learning.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？

B

B

A．Model.
B．Information.
C．Memory.
D．Observational learning.
（3）What might NOT be required when performing observational learning？

B

B

A．Trying to be focused.
B．Trying to be imaginative.
C．Looking for a motivator.
D．Editing and storing information.
（4）What can we learn about the social learning theory according to the text？

A

A

A．It is of practical use.
B．It remains to be improved.
C．It was effective at first.
D．It is easily and widely applied.